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Amber

The formation of usually fossilized amorphous hydrocarbons from ancient tree resins, having highly variable C:H:O ratios

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Amazonite

A bright green or blue green variety of microcline sometimes cut as semi precious stones and for ornamental use

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Aluminum

A light, silvery-white, ductile metal with high electrical conductivity and high resistance to oxidation. Symbol, Al

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Alteration

Physical and chemical changes in a rocks or mineral subsequent to initial formation, and to a lesser degree than metamorphosis

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Alpha rays

Positively charged particles emitted from radioactive material

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Andalusite

An orthorhombic mineral, Al2SiO5; its transparent green variety is used as a gem

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Alpha meter

Instrumentation used in measuring positively charged particles (Alpha rays) from radioactive sources

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Aplite

Light-colored igneous rock characterized by fine-grained saccharoidal texture, ranging in composition from gabbro to granite, consisting of quartz, potassium feldspar, and high acid plagioclase

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Aphanitic

The texture of igneous rock in which crystalline components are too small to be detected visually by the unaided eye. Syn. Cryptocrystalline