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A chemical agent sometimes used in the process flotation to depress iron minerals

A formation where pressurized volcanic fluid beneath the Earth’s surface pushes the overlying rock into a dome shaped structure

Minerals recoverable by dissolution

A hollow cylinder or tube like underground formation of solid lava

A volcanic bomb is a chunk of ejected viscous lava larger than a lapilli, being over 64 mm.

Molten volcanic rock, still in a hot viscous state and not yet solid

A blue semi precious stone, frequently used in jewelry for at least 3,500 years

Small volcanic ejections of solid lava which range from 2 and 64 millimeters in size

Pertaining to the cutting, polishing, carving or setting of precious or semi-precious stones

The mass movement of loose alluvial debris, usually on a steep gradient