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Carat

A unit of weight for diamonds, pearls, and other gems

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Cavitation

The rapid formation and collapse of tiny bubbles within the cavities of a solid material immersed in liquid, altogether subjected to rapid and intense pressure changes induced by ultrasonic waves

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Canamin clay

A type of colloidal aluminum silicate clay from British Columbia, Canada

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Chelation

The reaction between a metallic ion and a complexing agent, with the resultant ring shaped structure forming a larger particle, useful in the disgorgement and transportation of embedded heavy metals from usually porous substrate

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Chatoyancy

An optical phenomenon of certain minerals when reflected light, in a patterned or silky sheen is concentrated in a narrow band that changes position and sometimes colour with movement