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Cavitation

The rapid formation and collapse of tiny bubbles within the cavities of a solid material immersed in liquid, altogether subjected to rapid and intense pressure changes induced by ultrasonic waves

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Canamin clay

A type of colloidal aluminum silicate clay from British Columbia, Canada

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Cathode

Refined metals in the form of a plate,  rod or bar

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Catch pit

A recess in the floor of a mine designed to prevent the leakage of minerals.

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Cambrian

The oldest system into which the Paleozoic rock is classified

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Catalyst

A substance introduced to a reaction to modify the characteristics of the reaction

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Caliche

A sedimentary ore of secondary accumulation and not unlike a natural cement, it is usually mined for heavy minerals, occurs as reddish-brown to beige or even white calcareous material.