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A small globular piece of fused metal or metals, usually 1 cm. in diameter

An igneous rock, similar to granite, having a coarse irregular texture. Pegmatites are a common host of minerals and specifically a priority target for well formed crystal minerals such as corundum and tourmaline

The formation of soil from the decomposition of organic matter

Any type of moss which has formed on peat as its substrate

An accumulated mass of decayed or partially decayed plant matter

A term for igneous rocks having a texture of grainy crystal visible to the naked eye

The sum of homogenous material within a larger heterogeneous material body

The period 280 to 245 million years ago, followed by the Mesozoic era. Known as the age of amphibians

The replacement of minerals in organic matter by calcareous, carbonaceous or siliceous minerals, which serve to solidify and preserve the form of the matter beyond its organic state

A depth of the earth’s surface or subsurface which is permanently frozen.